This book argues that the periodic ceremonial intrusion into the everyday lives of people across the Ottoman Empire, which the annual royal birthday and accession-day celebrations constituted, had multiple, far-reaching and largely unexplored consequences. On the one hand, it brought ordinarysubjects into symbolic contact with the monarch and forged lasting vertical ties of loyalty to him, irrespective of language, location, creed or class. On the other hand, the rounds of royal celebration played a key role in the creation of new types of horizontal ties and ethnic group consciousnessthat crystallized into national movements and, after the empire's demise, national monarchies. | Ruler Visibility and Popular Belonging in the Ottoman Empire 1808-1908 by Darin N. Stephanov, Hardcover | Indigo Chapters